Duplicate Publication and Plagiarism

For a manuscript to be accepted for publication in our journal, authors must ensure the following criteria are met:

• Manuscripts submitted to our journal must be original, and substantial portions of the manuscript must not be under consideration by any other journal.
• Any publications that may overlap with the submitted work must be declared at the time of submission, with appropriate citations to the relevant publications. Exceptions can be considered only if justified and clearly stated upon submission.
• In cases of potential overlapping or redundant publications, our journal reserves the right to independently evaluate the situation and determine the appropriate course of action.

Fabrication and Plagiarism

• Plagiarism is defined as copying without acknowledgment or misattributing original ideas, text, or results as one’s own work. It constitutes the misappropriation of intellectual property and includes substantial uncredited copying of another’s work. Any manuscript containing such acts will not be accepted for publication in our journal.
• Fabrication refers to creating data, observations, or characterizations that did not actually occur during data collection or experiments.
• Duplicate publication occurs when authors reuse substantial portions of their own previously published work without proper citation. This includes publishing the same content in multiple journals or making only minor modifications to previously published work.

All cases are evaluated individually by the editorial team. If plagiarism or duplicate publication is discovered after publication, actions may include correction, retraction, or removal of the content, depending on the severity, context, and impact on the integrity of the publication.